Na nzikọrịta ozi ọgbara ọhụrụ, ikuku ikuku, elektrọnịkị nchekwa, na akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ, nkwụsi ike na ntụkwasị obi nke nnyefe mgbama dị elu{0} na-emetụta arụmọrụ sistemu ozugbo. Dị ka isi ihe mgbasa ozi na-ejikọta ngwaọrụ dị elu{2} (dị ka antennas, amplifiers, na ngwa ule), eriri RF chọrọ nlebara anya zuru oke nke ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere ndakọrịta electromagnetic, mfu ntinye, ike igwe, na mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi, maka nhazi ha, nhọrọ, na ntinye ya. Edemede a, na-amalite site na ụkpụrụ teknụzụ yana ijikọta ihe ndị a chọrọ, na-akọwa n'usoro n'usoro atụmatụ imewe na omume injinia bụ isi maka azịza eriri RF.
I. Isi njirimara nka na ihe ịma aka nke eriri RF
Ọrụ dị mkpa nke eriri RF bụ iji rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na-ebufe akara ngosi dị elu{0} n'ofe ogologo bandwit (nke na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ narị MHz ruo iri iri nke GHz) ka ọ na-egbochi ntachi ike yana nnyonye anya mpụga. Enwere ike ichikota njirimara teknụzụ ha na ihe ngosi ndị a:
1. Mkpakọrịta ihe njiri mara njirimara
Ịrụ ọrụ nke sistemu RF na-adabere nke ukwuu na nkwụsi ike. Ihe mgbochi ọkọlọtọ a na-ahụkarị gụnyere 50Ω (a na-eji ya na nnyefe ike na sistemụ nkwukọrịta) na 75Ω (nke a na-ejikarị maka akara vidiyo/TV). Ọ bụrụ na ndakọrịta impedance n'etiti eriri USB na interface ngwaọrụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbagha gafere ± 2Ω) emee, ngbanwe mgbaàmà ga-eme, na-egosipụta dị ka mmụba na oke ebili mmiri na-eguzo (VSWR), nke n'aka nke ya na-ebelata arụmọrụ nnyefe ma nwee ike imebi ihe ndị dị n'ihu{7}}.
2. Ntinye nchịkwa ọnwụ
Mgbe a na-ebufe mgbaama dị elu{{0} site na eriri, njupụta mgbama ahụ na-ereka nke ukwuu site na anya n'ihi mmetụta akpụkpọ ahụ onye na-eduzi, mfu dielectric polarization, na mfu radieshon. Ọnwụ ntinye (nkeji: dB/m ma ọ bụ dB/100ft) bụ ihe dị mkpa iji tụọ arụmọrụ nnyefe USB. Nrụpụta dị ala- na-achọ ihe ndị na-eduzi njikarịcha (dị ka ikuku oxygen -ọla kọpa ma ọ bụ ọlaọcha efu), ihe dielectric (dị ka polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ma ọ bụ ikuku{{6} juru eju), na iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe.
3. Ịdị irè na mgbochi mgbochi
Igwe RF na-arụkarị ọrụ na gburugburu elektrọn magnetik siri ike (dịka ndị dị nso ọdụ radar na ọdụ ọdụ). Enwere ike ijikọ mkpọtụ electromagnetic mpụga (dị ka mgbama nzikọrịta ekwentị na mwepu electrostatic) n'ime eriri, yana mgbama dị n'ime nwere ike ịgbapụta ma gbochie ngwaọrụ ndị dị nso. Ịrụ ọrụ nchekwa dị elu (nke na-akawanye ma ọ bụ nhata 80dB) dabere na ọtụtụ{3}}ọta braided (dị ka ọla kọpa nwere tinned + aluminom foil structure) ma ọ bụ ọkara- nhazi ihe owuwu coaxial siri ike, ebe na-ahụ na ọta na-aga n'ihu na ntụkwasị obi.
4. Mechanical and Environmental adaptability
N'ebe a na-ebunye ya n'ezie, eriri nwere ike kpughee ọnọdụ dị ka ịgbagọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikọ njikọ robot), ịma jijiji (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwa injin ụgbọ elu), oke okpomọkụ ({11}}55 degrees na +200 ), na corrosion kemịkalụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri nnu mmiri). Ya mere, ihe mpụta (dịka ọmụmaatụ, polyimide dị elu{12}}okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, polyurethane na-eguzogide) na ike arụrụ arụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, imewe akwa oyi akwa) ga-ahazirịrị maka ọnọdụ dị iche iche.
II. Atụmatụ Ngwọta Ngwọta maka Ọdịntụ Ọdịnihu
1. Ebe Nzikọrịta Ozi na Sistemụ mkpuchi ikuku
Sistemụ feeder ọdụ ọdụ ọdụ ụgbọ ala chọrọ mfu dị ala yana ntụkwasị obi dị elu maka eriri RF. Maka eriri 5G dị elu{2} (dị ka ebili mmiri milimita na 28 GHz), eriri ọdịnala ọdịnala- na-efunahụ ihe dịka 0.5 dB/ft na 28 GHz ezughị ezu maka nnyefe ogologo-. Ultra{9}}obere - ọkara ọnwụ - cables siri ike (dị ka ikuku dielectric nwere ihe nkwado okirikiri, nke nwere ike ibelata ọnwụ ruo 0.15 dB/ft na 28 GHz) ma ọ bụ ihe ngwọta ngwakọ waveguide chọrọ. Ọzọkwa, njikọ eriri USB (dị ka N-ụdị na SMA) kwesịrị iji ọla edo{16}} kọntaktsị agbachie iji belata nkwụchi kọntaktị, yana mkpuchi mmiri na-adịghị (dị ka ndị nwere ọkwa IP68) kwesịrị iji gbochie ọdịda oxidation nke ntinye mmiri ozuzo kpatara.
2. Aerospace na Defense Electronics
N'ime ụgbọ elu na satịlaịtị, eriri RF ga-emezurịrị ihe achọrọ maka ịdị arọ (mbelata 10%-20% dị arọ nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ ụgwọ ọrụ), nagide oke gburugburu (dịka idowe mgbanwe na okpomọkụ dị obere ka -} 60 degrees ), ma guzogide nnyonye anya electromagnetic pulse (EMP). A na-ejikarị eriri micro{8}coaxial ( dayameta mpụta na-erughị ma ọ bụ ha nhata 1.5mm, dabara maka ịgbanye n'ime oghere akpọchiri). A na-eji polyethertherketone (PEEK) dielectric na-edozi dielectric mgbe niile na nkwụsi ike okpomọkụ, na oyi akwa mkpuchi bụ okpukpu abụọ -ọlaọcha oyi akwa{14}} ntupu ọla kọpa+ alumini nwere ihe mejupụtara (nrụpụta nchekwa ọkaibe karịa ma ọ bụ nhata 90dB). Ọzọkwa, a ga-enwetara akwụkwọ niile na MIL-STD-202 (nnwale nlegharị anya/nyocha okpomọkụ) na MIL-STD-810 (nnwale ujo).
3. Laboratory na nkenke Test Systems
Nnwale dị elu - (dị ka vector network analyzer (VNA) calibration) chọrọ eriri nwere nkwụsi ike na usoro dị oke ala (ọ na-adịkarị.<0.05°/m @ 18GHz). Semi-flexible cables are preferred for their flexibility and low phase variation. They utilize a solid polyethylene (PE) dielectric (for stable dielectric constant) and a tightly braided shield (to minimize structural deformation during bending). Furthermore, specialized test-grade connectors (such as the 2.92mm series, which can withstand repeated insertion and removal without affecting VSWR) must be used in the test system, and regular calibration must be performed to compensate for loss drift introduced by cable aging.
III. Ihe ndị dị mkpa n'oge mmejuputa oru ngo
1. Nhọrọ na ụkpụrụ dakọtara
Nhọrọ ụdị USB kwesịrị ịdabere na mgbama mgbama mgbama (dịka, DC{6}}1 GHz, 1{7}18 GHz, ma ọ bụ karịa), ike nnyefe (dịka, milliwatt{9}} akara ule ọkwa ma ọ bụ kilowatt - ike nnyefe ọkwa), na gburugburu cabling (nwụnye nrụnye ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ agbụ mkpanaka na-adọkpụ n'èzí). Semi{11} eriri siri ike dabara adaba maka ibufe ike dị elu{14}} n'ofe okporo ụzọ kwụsiri ike, eriri ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe dabara adaba maka ijikọ ngwaọrụ nwere ihe nrịda dị ala, na eriri na-agbanwe agbanwe ka ahọrọ maka mmegharị ugboro ugboro (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị ọrụ njedebe roboti).
2. Nkọwa nwụnye
Rịịọs ehulata ekwesịghị ịbụ ihe na-erughị uru kacha nta nke eriri (ọ na-abụkarị 5- ugboro 10 n'obosara). Emeghị nke a nwere ike ime ka mgbawa na oyi akwa dielectric ma ọ bụ gbajie na oyi akwa mkpuchi. Ndị ọkachamara kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ/ịgbado njikọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji mgbanaka ọkụ na-achịkwa torque na-emesi ike) iji zere njikọ ndị rụrụ arụ ma ọ bụ mkpakọ dị ukwuu nke nwere ike imebi ndị nduzi. Maka nnyefe ogologo, a na-atụ aro ka ịtinye ihe nrịbama ma ọ bụ ihe nhata n'oge oge (dịka, 10-15 mita) iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka mfu.
3. Nlekọta na nlekota oru
Na-anwale eriri VSWR mgbe niile (ọnụahịa ebumnuche Na-erughị ma ọ bụ nhata 1.2:1), mfu ntinye (ngbanwe site na uru mbụ Na-erughị ma ọ bụ ha nhata 10%), yana ọta n'ihu (nguzogide Na-erughị ma ọ bụ hà nhata 5 mΩ/m). Maka sistemu dị oke egwu, tinye modul nlekota n'ịntanetị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, iji ọnụọgụ ntụgharị iji nyochaa ahụike USB ozugbo) iji dochie ngwa ngwa ịka nká ma ọ bụ ihe mebiri emebi iji gbochie ọdịda sistemu.
Mmechi
Nhazi nke ngwọta eriri RF chọrọ ntinye miri emi nke tiori electromagnetic, sayensị ihe, na omume injinia, ịkwado impedance datching, njikwa mfu, yana mgbochi - nnyonye anya na mkpa dị iche iche nke ọnọdụ dị iche iche. Site na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke nkwukọrịta 5G/6G, ịntanetị satịlaịtị, na teknụzụ ozi gbasara quantum, eriri RF ga-agbasa ruo ultra{4}}wideband (na-ekpuchi 0.1-100 GHz), ultra{9}} obere ọnwụ (ọnwụ <0.01 dB/m @ 30 GHz), yana ọgụgụ isi (Integrated more sensing), na ọgụgụ isi (Integrated more sensing) nkwado oyi akwa anụ ahụ maka nnyefe mgbama ugboro dị elu.